Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily the Aedes species. The name “Chikungunya” originates from the Makonde language, meaning “that which bends up,” describing the stooped posture of people suffering from the disease’s severe joint pain.
Causes and Transmission
Chikungunya is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a member of the Alphavirus genus. The virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, which is also responsible for spreading other diseases like dengue fever and Zika virus. Mosquitoes become infected with CHIKV when they feed on the blood of an infected person during the viremic phase, which typically lasts from 2 days before to 5-7 days after the onset of symptoms.
Symptoms
The symptoms of Chikungunya typically appear within 3-7 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Common symptoms include:
– Severe joint pain: Often affecting multiple joints, such as hands, feet, knees, and shoulders.
– Fever: High fever, often accompanied by chills.
– Swollen joints: Joints may become swollen, red, and warm to the touch.
– Headache: Severe headache, often accompanied by fatigue and muscle pain.
– Rash: A rash may appear on the trunk, arms, and legs.
– Nausea and vomiting: Some people may experience nausea and vomiting.
Complications
While Chikungunya is rarely fatal, it can lead to severe complications, especially in:
– Newborns: Chikungunya can be severe in newborns, especially those infected during delivery.
– Older adults: Older adults may experience more severe symptoms and complications.
– People with underlying medical conditions: Those with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease may be more susceptible to severe symptoms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made based on:
– Clinical symptoms: A healthcare professional will assess symptoms and medical history.
– Laboratory tests: Blood tests, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or serology, can confirm the presence of CHIKV.
Treatment
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, primarily the Aedes species. The name “Chikungunya” originates from the Makonde language, meaning “that which bends up,” describing the stooped posture of people suffering from the disease’s severe joint pain.