Zika virus is a viral infection that spreads primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. It’s a significant public health concern due to its association with severe birth defects and neurological complications.
How is Zika Virus Transmitted?
Zika virus is transmitted through:
– Mosquito bites: Aedes mosquitoes, which are active during the day, can transmit the virus through their bites.
– Mother-to-child: Pregnant women can pass the virus to their unborn babies, potentially causing birth defects.
– Sexual transmission: Zika virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.
Symptoms of Zika Virus Infection
Symptoms of Zika virus infection can be mild and may include:
– Fever
– Rash
– Joint pain
– Conjunctivitis (red, itchy eyes)
– Headache
– Muscle pain
Many people infected with Zika virus won’t show any symptoms.
Risks and Complications
Zika virus infection can lead to severe complications, particularly in:
– Pregnant women: Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause birth defects, such as microcephaly (a condition where the baby’s head is smaller than expected).
– Newborns: Babies born to mothers infected with Zika virus may experience developmental delays, vision problems, and other complications.
– Adults and children: Zika virus infection can also cause neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Prevention and Control
To prevent Zika virus infection:
– Avoid mosquito bites: Use insect repellents, wear protective clothing, and stay in air-conditioned or screened areas.
– Practice safe sex: Use condoms or other barrier methods to reduce the risk of sexual transmission.
– Pregnant women: Take extra precautions to avoid mosquito bites and consider avoiding travel to areas with Zika virus outbreaks.
Current Research and Developments
Researchers are working to:
– Develop vaccines: Several Zika virus vaccine candidates are in various stages of development.
– Improve diagnostics: Developing more accurate and reliable diagnostic tests for Zika virus infection.
– Understand the virus: Continuing research to better understand the virus and its effects on human health.